LIFE IN MADINA

                                  1st YEAR
                                                                           OF HIJRA
 


  History

 First Hijra in which Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) migrated Himself was in 622 CE. Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) migrated from Makkah to Madina along with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A). He (PBUH) travelled the distance of 320 kilometer. Islamic calendar started from the year in which first Hijra occurred. When Quraysh refused to follow the agreement then Holy Prophet had to migrate. This Hijra is at 1st Moharram. It is the first day of Islamic calendar. When there were Muslims in low numbers, then they were feeling difficulty to live freely in Makkah. At the start, just few people embraced Islam. When Muslims started to worship Only Allah, It was unbearable for the non Muslims. They teased the Muslims by different methods. They were worried by the gradual growth of Muslims power. They decided to kill the Muslims. When Holy Prophet came to know this news, then He decided to migrate to Madina. When Allah ordered Him, then He informed Hazrat Abu Bakr and departed from Makkah. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) appointed Hazrat Ali (R.A.) at His home and ordered him to return the goods to their owner. He started His journey early in the morning. Non Muslims were at their door step to kill Him, but He went secretly from the house. He was reciting the “Surah Yasin” while departing from the home. He was under the Allah’s protection. He left Makkah along with Hazrat Abu Bakr. They stayed in a cave. Many non Muslims came behind Him to find Him. But they cannot find them, and Hazrat Muhammad reached Makkah.

1. Hypocrites 

• appear Muslims and loured of Jews 

• leader name Abdullah bin ubai he is kafir and he maid mosque zaroor. 

    2. Settlements

• Muhajirin and Ansar are brotherhood.

    3. Masjid

• 1st mosque headquarter political and military property two orphans.

 

    4.Treaty

• There were three main tribes of Jews: Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nazir and Banu Quraiza,settled in the suburbs of Madinah in their own strong fortresses.

 5. Azan

• The system of calling Azan was introduced, as suggested by Hazrat Umer. Hazrat Bilal was appointed as the Muezzin.

                                          2nd YEAR
                                    OF HIJRA


 History

In the seventh month (Rajab) of the second year of Hijra, i.e., fifteen months after the migration from Makkah, the Apostle sent seven men under the command of his cousin, Abdullah ibn Jahash, to Nakhla, an oasis in the south, where they had to watch the movements of a certain caravan of the Quraysh.
In Nakhla, Abdullah found a small caravan of the Quraysh which was returning to Makkah. The caravaneers were Amr bin al-Hadhrami, Uthman bin Abdullah bin al-Mughira, and his brother, Naufal, and Hakam bin Kaisan. Abdullah attacked them and seized their goods. Amr bin al-Hadhrami was killed; Uthman and Hakam were captured; and Naufal succeeded in escaping.
This expedition is considered important because it was the first time when there was a clash between the Muslims and the pagans. It was also the first time when there was bloodshed between them, and the Muslims captured booty from them.
Abdullah ibn Jahash and his party returned to Medina with their prisoners and the spoils of war. Of the two prisoners, Hakam bin Kaisan accepted Islam and stayed in Medina. Uthman bin Abdullah was ransomed by his folks, and he went to Makkah.

1. Battle of Badr

• The Battle of Badr was the first decisive battle in Islam, and if Muslims had not succeeded this Battle, Islam would have been wiped out from the earth, and  this Battle had effects both on the unbeliever in Makkah and the Muslims. 

      
2. Fasting

• Fasting in the Ramazan was made obligatory upon all adult Muslims.

  
3. Zakat

• The payment of Zakat was also made obligatory upon rich Muslims.

  

    4. Qiblah
           

• Qiblah that is direction to which a Muslims turns his face while saying his prayers.

                                     3rd YEAR
                                           OF HIJRA

History

After Muslims gain victory in battle of Badr, Islam gained strong base in Madinah and importance of city began to rise. Quraish considered the rise in Muslims as threat to their political interests, they also wanted to avenge their deaths. 

1. Battle of Uhad      

• After the Battle of Badr, Islam gained a firm footing at Madina and the importance of the city began to increase.
• Abu sufyan the commander of the Quraish army, which was defeated a badr and the dauter of utba, who was killed in the Battle of Badr.

    2. Conclusion 

• Defeated in the Battle of Uhab come as a great shock to the Muslims.The muslims army was weakened before the Battle even began and this Battle was of great significance for the Muslims.
• Surah of Al-Imran comment on this Battle.

                                                4th YEAR
                                         OF HIJRAH

1. Banu Nazir

• Banu nazir tribe of Jews plotted to kill holy prophet. Holy prophet sent them massage to leave madinah in ten days, they refused and shut them selves in fortresses. Holy prophet led and army against them and laid siege to their forts. After siege of two weeks they surrendered and were exiled from Madinah.

                                  5th YEAR
                                       OF HIJRA

      1. Battle of Trench

An example of Trench

• After battle of Uhad Muslims were able to regain their former position, Quraish were worried about increasing power in Muslims was threat to their Political status.

Jewish tribe Banu Nazir kept plotting against Muslims they asked for help from Quraish and the agreed to support them they also gain support of Ghatafan and some other tribes. With an army of ten thousand men under the command of Abu Sufyan, the marched to Madinah. Holy prophet called companions, Hazrat Salman Farsi (one of the companions) advised to dig a trench, three sides of Madinah were safe because of population and oasis, the fourth side was unsafe it was syrian route. Holy prophet agreed to dig a trench on the side it was open to attack. Banu Quraiza also broke treaty with Muslims and turned against then, this battle is also called battle of Ahzab.

2. Banu Quraiza

• Banu Quraiza was a Jewish tribe, in violation of agreement signed with holy prophet, had helped the enemies of Islam in battle of Ahzab. Holy prophet therefore advanced against their fortresses and surrounded them. the siege continued for about a month after which Banu Quraiza surrender.

                                            6th YEAR

                                     OF HIJRA

History

In the sixth year the number of wars increased and after the wars Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi commenced to suppress the rebels of the surrounding areas. In the month of Moharram Muhammad bin Musallama with 30 horsemen at the place of Hazya (between Basra and Mecca) attacked the tribe of Qarta. A group was killed and the rest fled away. Muslims returned to Medina with 50 camels and 30 thousand sheep.
On their way back they arrested a passerby Shahama bin Asal, who belonged to Bani Hanifa and was the chief of Yamama. They brought him to Medina and tied him to the pillar of the mosque. The messenger Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi after recognizing him untied him immediately and treated him with kindness. The respect and gentle treatment by Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi created love for Islam and Shahama bin Asal converted into Islam after which he returned back to his own land. He repaid the prophet for his sympathy by stopping the export of the wheat to the polytheists of Mecca. The Qureish got disturbed and complained the prophet to issue the order for the export of wheat.
In the month of Rabiyal awwal and Jamadiyal awwal prophet came out of Medina to punish the tribe of Bani Lahyan. To conceal the matter from the people first he progressed towards Syria. After proceeding to some distance suddenly Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi changed the direction of his route and swiftly went towards Aran which was the dwelling place of Bani Lahyan. When the Jews saw them they ran away on the mountains to hide themselves.
Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi remained there for two days and then went towards Mecca to threaten the infidels of Qureish. He sent the other group with 200 horse men to Kara’ Ameem towards Medina. That year near Medina a group of Bani Qarara attacked and stole the she camel from the herd of the prophet. The messenger of Allah mobilized and gathered some Muslims in the area of Zi Yaqar to chase the thieves and get back his she camel. One Muslim by the name Al ghaba or Zi Aqar was killed. Some write that this happened after the event of Hudeibia.
In the month of Rabiyal awwal Akkasha bin Mahaz was appointed along with 40 men to suppress and arrest the tribe of Bani Asad at the place of Gamr Wazuq. When they reached the place all the Bani Asad tribe fled away and the Muslims returned with the booty of 100 camels.  

1. Treaty of Hudabiya

• Holy prophet had a dream that he had entered a sacred Mosque at Makkah. Therefore, he decided to go Makkah to perform Umrah. Holy prophet with fourteen hundred unarmed companions set out for Makkah. Quraish did not allowed them to enter Makkah. Holy prophet therefore stopped at Makkah and sent his companion to Quraish to tell them that we are unarmed and we want to perform Ummrah. The companion didn't return then another was sent, when he also didn't came back holy prophet sent Hazrat Usman. Hazrat Usman also didn't came back rumor spread that he is killed. Then holy prophet collected all of his followers under the oasis of Rizwan. He took from them oath that they would lay down their lives in the name of Allah. This oath is known as Bait-e-Rizwan. 

 

                                                 7th YEAR

                                        OF HIJRA  

 

 History

 .......... continued