Hazrat Ali (R.A)

 

 

NAME : Ali

FATHER NAME : Hazrat Abu Talib
MOTHER NAME : Hazrat Fatima Binte Asad
BIRTH DATE : 13th Rajab, born inside KABAH (10 yrs bfr the raising of Prophet)
AGE : 63 Years
DIED ON : Morning of 21st Ramadhan 40th Hijrah
DEATH PLACE: Masjid-e-Kufa
HOLY SHRINE: Najaf-e-Ashraf (IRAQ)

 

Who Is Hazrat Ali R.A?

If we start defining who is Hazrat Ali R.Z in Islam we cannot end at anyone point because:

• He is a cousin of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH

• He is a son-in-law of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH

• He is a fourth caliph of Islam 

• He is a son of Abu Talib, the uncle of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH

• He is a husband of the beloved daughter of Muhammad PBUH

• He is a father of Hazrat Imam Hussain R.A, Hazrat Iman Hassan      R.A

• Hazrat Ali R.A is first among children who embraced Islam

• He is the most beloved caliph of Muhammad PBUH

• He is the fifth member of Ahl-e-Bayt (The households of                  Muhammad PBUH)

Hazrat Ali R.A was born inside of Kaaba in Mecca. His father Abu Talib (uncle of Muhammad PBUH) was the custodian of Kaaba and was respectful leader of Bani Hashim, the branch of Quraish Tribe which is the most powerful tribe of Arab. Hazrat Muhammad PBUH was the first person, Hazrat Ali R.A saw after birth. He did not open His eyes for three days after birth until Muhammad PBUH carried Him in hands. Hazrat Muhammad PBUH named Him as Ali, “The exalted one”.

He was the first child who embraced Islam when He was only ten years old and accepted the prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH. He started living with Muhammad PBUH since childhood. He devoted his life for Islam by accompanying Hazrat Muhammad PBUH throughout the establishment of Islam in Arab and other regions of the world. He migrated from Mecca to Madina right after Muhammad PBUH did. Hazrat Muhammad gave His daughter to Hazrat Ali R.A in marriage. He had three children, Hazrat Imam Hassan, Hazrat Imam Hussain and a daughter. 

The Battle of Camel (Jamal)

Soon a full scale war started. Hundreds of Muslims fell on each side. Hadrat Ali (R.A.) was greatly pained at the situation. He tried to stop the battle but the battle had already flared up.

In the dawn the troops of Hadrat 'Aisha (R.A.) apprised her of the situation and suggested that she should mount on a camel in Hijab (Pardah) so that the situation might ease. But it worked the other way and Basrites thought tfiat Hadrat Aisha came in the field to fight with them. During the fight Hadrat Ali reminded Talha and Zubair(R.A.) the words of the Holy Prophet: "One day you (Talha and Zubair) will fight Ali wrongly." They remembered the saying and left the battlefield but when Talha was leaving the field somebody rained arrows on him and he was killed.

When the fight did not come to an end Hadrat Ali (R.A.) ordered one of his men to cut the hind legs of the camel on which Hadrat 'Aisha was mounting in a "howdah". The order of Hadrat Ali was carried out and the camel fell on its forelegs. Hadrat 'Aisha was taken out of the "howdah" with due respect. The battle came to an end in favour of Hadrat Ali (R.A.). Hadrat Aisha (R.A.) was sent with due respect to Medina escorted by her own brother, Muhammad bin Abi Bakr. In this battle about ten thousand Muslims on both sides lost their lives. Hadrat Ali (R.A.) felt deeply moved because of the loss of Muslim blood. Hadrat Zubair who had already left the field after remembering the Holy Prophet's saying was going to Mecca. He stopped in a valley to perform his Salat, but was slain by a man, named Amr bin Jarmoz while he was busy in his Salat. When Hadrat Ali came to know, he rebuked the murderer by saying: "I have seen him fight for the Prophet of Allah several times. I give the murderer the news of hell-fire."

After the battle he took pledge of loyalty from the people of Basrah and appointed Hadrat Abdullah bin Abbas as the governor of Basrah. He gave general amnesty to all those who fought against him including Marwan bin Hakam and other persons of Banu Umayyah family. The address which Hadrat Ali (R.A.) gave at Jami' Mosque of Basrah before the Bai'at (pledge of loyalty) moved the Muslims, and they were convinced that Ali (R.A.) was a just Khalifah.

 

Battle of Siffin

 

After the battle of Jamal was over, Imam Ali (A.S.) returned from Basra to Kufa in Rajab of 36 A.H. He decided to transfer the capital of his government to Kufa from Madina because it was more centrally placed in the Muslim Empire, and he could halt Muawiya's progress into Iraq.

 

Battle of nahrawan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 After the battle of Jamal was over, Imam Ali (A.S.) returned from Basra to Kufa in Rajab of 36 A.H. He decided to transfer the capital of his government to Kufa from Madina because it was more centrally placed in the Muslim Empire, and he could halt Muawiya's progress into Iraq. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                        LIFE IN MADINA

                                  1st YEAR
                                                                           OF HIJRA
 


  History

 First Hijra in which Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) migrated Himself was in 622 CE. Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him) migrated from Makkah to Madina along with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A). He (PBUH) travelled the distance of 320 kilometer. Islamic calendar started from the year in which first Hijra occurred. When Quraysh refused to follow the agreement then Holy Prophet had to migrate. This Hijra is at 1st Moharram. It is the first day of Islamic calendar. When there were Muslims in low numbers, then they were feeling difficulty to live freely in Makkah. At the start, just few people embraced Islam. When Muslims started to worship Only Allah, It was unbearable for the non Muslims. They teased the Muslims by different methods. They were worried by the gradual growth of Muslims power. They decided to kill the Muslims. When Holy Prophet came to know this news, then He decided to migrate to Madina. When Allah ordered Him, then He informed Hazrat Abu Bakr and departed from Makkah. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) appointed Hazrat Ali (R.A.) at His home and ordered him to return the goods to their owner. He started His journey early in the morning. Non Muslims were at their door step to kill Him, but He went secretly from the house. He was reciting the “Surah Yasin” while departing from the home. He was under the Allah’s protection. He left Makkah along with Hazrat Abu Bakr. They stayed in a cave. Many non Muslims came behind Him to find Him. But they cannot find them, and Hazrat Muhammad reached Makkah.

1. Hypocrites 

• appear Muslims and loured of Jews 

• leader name Abdullah bin ubai he is kafir and he maid mosque zaroor. 

    2. Settlements

• Muhajirin and Ansar are brotherhood.

    3. Masjid

• 1st mosque headquarter political and military property two orphans.

 

    4.Treaty

• There were three main tribes of Jews: Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nazir and Banu Quraiza,settled in the suburbs of Madinah in their own strong fortresses.

 5. Azan

• The system of calling Azan was introduced, as suggested by Hazrat Umer. Hazrat Bilal was appointed as the Muezzin.

                                          2nd YEAR
                                    OF HIJRA


 History

In the seventh month (Rajab) of the second year of Hijra, i.e., fifteen months after the migration from Makkah, the Apostle sent seven men under the command of his cousin, Abdullah ibn Jahash, to Nakhla, an oasis in the south, where they had to watch the movements of a certain caravan of the Quraysh.
In Nakhla, Abdullah found a small caravan of the Quraysh which was returning to Makkah. The caravaneers were Amr bin al-Hadhrami, Uthman bin Abdullah bin al-Mughira, and his brother, Naufal, and Hakam bin Kaisan. Abdullah attacked them and seized their goods. Amr bin al-Hadhrami was killed; Uthman and Hakam were captured; and Naufal succeeded in escaping.
This expedition is considered important because it was the first time when there was a clash between the Muslims and the pagans. It was also the first time when there was bloodshed between them, and the Muslims captured booty from them.
Abdullah ibn Jahash and his party returned to Medina with their prisoners and the spoils of war. Of the two prisoners, Hakam bin Kaisan accepted Islam and stayed in Medina. Uthman bin Abdullah was ransomed by his folks, and he went to Makkah.

1. Battle of Badr

• The Battle of Badr was the first decisive battle in Islam, and if Muslims had not succeeded this Battle, Islam would have been wiped out from the earth, and  this Battle had effects both on the unbeliever in Makkah and the Muslims. 

      
2. Fasting

• Fasting in the Ramazan was made obligatory upon all adult Muslims.

  
3. Zakat

• The payment of Zakat was also made obligatory upon rich Muslims.

  

    4. Qiblah
           

• Qiblah that is direction to which a Muslims turns his face while saying his prayers.

                                     3rd YEAR
                                           OF HIJRA

History

After Muslims gain victory in battle of Badr, Islam gained strong base in Madinah and importance of city began to rise. Quraish considered the rise in Muslims as threat to their political interests, they also wanted to avenge their deaths. 

1. Battle of Uhad      

• After the Battle of Badr, Islam gained a firm footing at Madina and the importance of the city began to increase.
• Abu sufyan the commander of the Quraish army, which was defeated a badr and the dauter of utba, who was killed in the Battle of Badr.

    2. Conclusion 

• Defeated in the Battle of Uhab come as a great shock to the Muslims.The muslims army was weakened before the Battle even began and this Battle was of great significance for the Muslims.
• Surah of Al-Imran comment on this Battle.

                                                4th YEAR
                                         OF HIJRAH

1. Banu Nazir

• Banu nazir tribe of Jews plotted to kill holy prophet. Holy prophet sent them massage to leave madinah in ten days, they refused and shut them selves in fortresses. Holy prophet led and army against them and laid siege to their forts. After siege of two weeks they surrendered and were exiled from Madinah.

                                  5th YEAR
                                       OF HIJRA

      1. Battle of Trench

An example of Trench

• After battle of Uhad Muslims were able to regain their former position, Quraish were worried about increasing power in Muslims was threat to their Political status.

Jewish tribe Banu Nazir kept plotting against Muslims they asked for help from Quraish and the agreed to support them they also gain support of Ghatafan and some other tribes. With an army of ten thousand men under the command of Abu Sufyan, the marched to Madinah. Holy prophet called companions, Hazrat Salman Farsi (one of the companions) advised to dig a trench, three sides of Madinah were safe because of population and oasis, the fourth side was unsafe it was syrian route. Holy prophet agreed to dig a trench on the side it was open to attack. Banu Quraiza also broke treaty with Muslims and turned against then, this battle is also called battle of Ahzab.

2. Banu Quraiza

• Banu Quraiza was a Jewish tribe, in violation of agreement signed with holy prophet, had helped the enemies of Islam in battle of Ahzab. Holy prophet therefore advanced against their fortresses and surrounded them. the siege continued for about a month after which Banu Quraiza surrender.

                                            6th YEAR

                                     OF HIJRA

History

In the sixth year the number of wars increased and after the wars Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi commenced to suppress the rebels of the surrounding areas. In the month of Moharram Muhammad bin Musallama with 30 horsemen at the place of Hazya (between Basra and Mecca) attacked the tribe of Qarta. A group was killed and the rest fled away. Muslims returned to Medina with 50 camels and 30 thousand sheep.
On their way back they arrested a passerby Shahama bin Asal, who belonged to Bani Hanifa and was the chief of Yamama. They brought him to Medina and tied him to the pillar of the mosque. The messenger Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi after recognizing him untied him immediately and treated him with kindness. The respect and gentle treatment by Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi created love for Islam and Shahama bin Asal converted into Islam after which he returned back to his own land. He repaid the prophet for his sympathy by stopping the export of the wheat to the polytheists of Mecca. The Qureish got disturbed and complained the prophet to issue the order for the export of wheat.
In the month of Rabiyal awwal and Jamadiyal awwal prophet came out of Medina to punish the tribe of Bani Lahyan. To conceal the matter from the people first he progressed towards Syria. After proceeding to some distance suddenly Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi changed the direction of his route and swiftly went towards Aran which was the dwelling place of Bani Lahyan. When the Jews saw them they ran away on the mountains to hide themselves.
Prophet Muhammad sallallaho alaihi va ala alehi remained there for two days and then went towards Mecca to threaten the infidels of Qureish. He sent the other group with 200 horse men to Kara’ Ameem towards Medina. That year near Medina a group of Bani Qarara attacked and stole the she camel from the herd of the prophet. The messenger of Allah mobilized and gathered some Muslims in the area of Zi Yaqar to chase the thieves and get back his she camel. One Muslim by the name Al ghaba or Zi Aqar was killed. Some write that this happened after the event of Hudeibia.
In the month of Rabiyal awwal Akkasha bin Mahaz was appointed along with 40 men to suppress and arrest the tribe of Bani Asad at the place of Gamr Wazuq. When they reached the place all the Bani Asad tribe fled away and the Muslims returned with the booty of 100 camels.  

1. Treaty of Hudabiya

• Holy prophet had a dream that he had entered a sacred Mosque at Makkah. Therefore, he decided to go Makkah to perform Umrah. Holy prophet with fourteen hundred unarmed companions set out for Makkah. Quraish did not allowed them to enter Makkah. Holy prophet therefore stopped at Makkah and sent his companion to Quraish to tell them that we are unarmed and we want to perform Ummrah. The companion didn't return then another was sent, when he also didn't came back holy prophet sent Hazrat Usman. Hazrat Usman also didn't came back rumor spread that he is killed. Then holy prophet collected all of his followers under the oasis of Rizwan. He took from them oath that they would lay down their lives in the name of Allah. This oath is known as Bait-e-Rizwan. 

 

                                                 7th YEAR

                                        OF HIJRA  

 

 History

 .......... continued